The goal of coal mining is to economically remove coal from the ground. Coal is valued for its energy content, and since the 1880s is widely used to generate electricity. Steel and cement industries use coal as a fuel for extraction of iron from iron ore and for cement production. In the United States, United Kingdom, and South Africa, a coal mine and its structures are a "colliery". In Australia, "colliery" generally refers to an underground coal mine.
Mountaintop removal coal mining is the removal of mountains to expose coal seams, and fills the elimination of congestion associated with nearby mining valleys and hollows. This method combines the surface and contour strip mining methods. Surface mining is used for about 40% of coal production in the world. If coal is near the surface, can be cost-effective to extract coal by this method. The different types of contour strip mining and removing mountains. Or strip mining is most suitable for areas with flat terrain. It exposes the charcoal for the earth above the coal seam or cut into long strips. If all the earth above the coal seam is removed, the underlyingcoal seam will be exposed. The exposed carbon-block can be drilled and jump. Once this bar is empty of coal, the extraction process is with a new strip next to it repeatedly created.
The contour extraction method is more common in areas with steep rolling terrain. This method involves the removal of earth above the coal seam in a model follows the contours along an edge or a slope. This method can lead to serious landslides and erosion problems. To resolve thisProblems, a variety of methods have been developed for use freshly cut overburden fill worked-out area. There are no restrictions on mining contour. When the process reaches a predetermined value stripping is not profitable to continue.
Modern OpenCast new methods, a greater proportion of the coal deposit than underground methods.
Deep mining is required when coal deposits are too deep to see the world. The main methods of underground mining are long wall, continuous Blast Short Wall Mining and Mining withdrawn.
Continuous mining is used for about 45% of underground coal. It 's like a machine with a large rotating drum with carbide teeth to scrape coal from the seam. Quick extraction method, the wall is only less than 1% of coal used in depth. This method also uses a continuous mining machine with mobile armor, similar to longwall mining method.
Longwall mining accounts for about 50% of underground production. It uses a sophisticated machine with a rotation that moves back and forth mechanically on a large drum coal seam. Longwall mining helps highThe levels of production with high security standards. The sensors used in the extraction process helps to determine the amount of carbon that remains in the seam while robotic controls by helping to increase process efficiency.
Retreat mining method used in columns or coal to keep ripping up to my roof. This mining method is one of the most dangerous, because it is impossible to predict when crushing collapse of the ceiling or roof and is the case or the miners.
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